11^th International Conference on Virology and Microbiology July 27-28, 2018 Vancouver, Canada

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Summary: 11th International Conference on Virology and Infectious Diseases Congress takes immense pleasure to welcome attendees, presenters, and exhibitors from all over the world to Canada. We are delighted to have you all at the “Virology Congress 2018” which is going to be held during July 27-28, 2018 at Vancouver, Canada. The organizing committee is accelerating for an advanced and informative conference program including plenary speech, symposia, workshops on a variety of topics, poster presentations and various programs for participants from all over the world. We welcome you to join us at the Virology Congress 2018, where you will be sure to have a delighted experience with scholars from all around the world. All the members of Virology Congress 2018 organizing committee look forward to meet you at Canada.

The global virology market is expected to bloom over 2015-2025. In 2015, the virology industry was highly influenced by Ebola, MERS, and hepatitis C viruses. In 2016, zika virus is dominating the research, with more better prospects in the near future. By 2017 end, a few important patents are approaching expiry, including Tamiflu, Sustiva, Tenofovir, Combivir, Relenza, and Telbivudine. With the expiry of these blockbuster drugs, the market is estimated to encounter a dynamic competitive landscape. The generic competition in the virology market will be in this high pace  from 2018 onward.  Europe is projected to maintain the position as the second largest market globally. During the forecast periods, USA is anticipated to record the highest CAGR, governed by enhanced healthcare infrastructure, access to diagnostics, and enhanced affordability of diagnostic tests for viral diseases.

For more details visit: https://virology-infection.conferenceseries.com/

Importance & Scope:

Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat and virus-like agents. Virology is often considered a part of microbiology or of pathology. Viruses and viral diseases have been at the centers of science, agriculture, and medicine for millennia and some of our greatest challenges and triumphs have involved virology. Our virology conference is bringing experts from the field of virology for discussion of the latest advances and ideas and to stimulate interdisciplinary interactions. Conference like ours will help to speed up of the development of effective therapies for viral disorders.

Conference Highlights:

•  Virus Evolution
•  Epidemiology
•  Viral Particles
•  Molecular biology
•  Paleoviruses
•  Viral infections
•  Viral Replication
•  Human papillomavirus
•  Monoclonal antibodies
•  Viral plaques
•  Hepatitis C viruses
•  Plant and Agricultural Virology
•  Neurotropic viruses
•  Anti-virulence
•  Virology Research
•  Cell-mediated immunity
•  Dermatological Infectious Diseases
•  Respiratory Infectious Diseases
•  Pediatric Infectious Diseases
•  Urinary tract infections
•  Vector-borne Diseases
•  STD & HIV Infection
•  Non communicable Infectious Diseases
•  Diagnosis of infectious diseases
•  Antivirals/Antimicrobials/Antifungals
•  Live, Attenuated, Inactivated, DNA vaccines

Top Societies and Association around the World

• Center for Emerging Viral Infections Research
• Hunter Medical Research Institute
• Center for Global Research and Intervention in Infectious Diseases
• Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center
• Global virus network
• HIV Medicine Association
• International AIDS Society
• Canadian Society for International Health 

Target Audience:

• Scientists
• Research Scholars
• Associate Professors
• Professors
• Lecturers
• M.Sc Students
• Pharmaceutical Industries
• Healthcare Industries
• Directors of Associations and Societies

Figure 1: Target Audience

Companies Associated with Virology

Figure 2: Companies

Research Institutes and Labs Associated with Virology

Figure 3: Research institutes and labs Associated with Virology

Statistics of Scientists working on Virology:

Figure 4: No. of Scientists working on virology.

Track 01: Virus Evolution

The way viruses reproduce in their host cells makes them particularly susceptible to the genetic changes            that help to drive their evolution. The RNA viruses are especially prone to genetic changes. In host cells there are mechanisms for correcting mistakes when DNA replicates and these kick in whenever cells divide. The genetic material inside the virus plays a major role in how rapidly a virus mutates, which in turn can impact how the illness can spread in the population. Viruses that replicate through DNA use the same mechanisms the host cell uses to create its own DNA. Many viruses (for example, influenza A virus) can shuffle their genes with other viruses when two identical strains infect the same cell. This phenomenon is called genetic shift.

Track 02: Epidemiology

Viral epidemiology is the branch of medical science that deals with the frequency and spread of viruses in populations over time. It is used to break the chain of infection in populations during outbreaks of viral diseases. Host, virus and environmental factors are monitored to determine the dynamics of viral infections, the ultimate goal of which is to devise intervention strategies. Transmission of viruses can be vertical, means from mother to child (or) horizontal, means from person to person. The rate of transmission of viral infections depends on factors that include population density, the number of susceptible individuals, the quality of healthcare and the weather.

Track 03: Viral particles

The process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as virions. These are very small and only visible using the electron microscope. Virus particles consist of genetic material enclosed in a capsid. This can be used to categorise viruses: DNA viruses, RNA viruses (or) retroviruses. Animal viruses may have an outer phospholipid-based layer. Many viruses have special attachment proteins projecting from their capsid.

Track 04: Molecular biology

Molecular virology is the study of viruses on a molecular level. Viruses are sub-microscopic parasites that replicate inside host cells. Pure Microbiology provides a broad platform of a large plethora of research and more new insights into different areas of Molecular biology. Molecular genetics has been among the most prominent sub-fields of molecular biology. Molecular techniques are used to theorize historical attributes of populations (or) species, as in fields in evolutionary biology like population genetics and Phylogenetics.

Track 05: Paleoviruses

Paleovirology is the term used to describe the study of viruses which cannot leave behind physical fossils. Virion structural protein derived from the amino-terminal domain of the Gag polyprotein. Phylogenetic analysis of Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs) across multiple host species exhibit novel information about the evolution of diverse virus groups. EVEs have been adopted as inhibitors of viral infection. Structural restraint in exogenous viruses may lead to the decoupling of short and long-term rates of viral evolution. Permineralization is a process of fossilization that occurs when an organism is buried.

Track 06: Viral infections

Viral infection occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and virions attach to and enter susceptible cells. Viral infection is usually detected by clinical monitoring, for instance severe muscle and joint pains preceding fever, skin rash. Laboratory tests are not directly effective in detecting viral infections, because they do not themselves increase the white blood cell count. Laboratory investigation may be useful in diagnosing associated bacterial infections. Viral infections are commonly of limited duration.

Track 07: Viral Replication

Viruses are Intracellular obligate parasites that they cannot replicate their genes without the help of a living cell. Certain proteins on the virus particle must fit particular receptor sites on the particular host cell surface. Host cell provides the energy & system for the synthesis of viral proteins & nucleic acids. The cell membrane of the host cell infolds the virus particle, enclosing it in a pinocytotic vacoule. Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus while most RNA viruses develop only in cytoplasm.

Track 08: Human papillomavirus

Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) is caused by human papillomavirus, it is a DNA virus from the family Papillomavirus. More than 40 types of infections are transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anus and genitals. Risk factors for insistent HPV infections include early age of first sexual intercourse, multiple partners, smoking, and poor Immune function. HPV is typically spread by sustained direct skin-to-skin contact with vaginal and anal sex being the most common methods. Occasionally, it can spread from a mother to her baby during pregnancy. It does not spread via common items like toilet seats. People can become infected with more than one type of HPV. HPV only affects humans.

Track 09: Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells. These can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope. In divergence, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and made by several different plasma cell lineages. These antibodies are secreted by different B cell lineages and are used for autoimmune diseases. Antigen prompts the B-lymphocytes to produce IgG Immunoglobulin’s.About 24 million people in the United States are affected by an autoimmune disease.

Track 10: Viral plaques

Plaques are clear zones formed in a lawn of cells due to lysis by phage. Lysogens begin to grow in the middle of the plaque, giving the plaque a turbid. The morphology of the plaque depends upon the phage, the host, and the growth conditions. Virus quantification is counting the number of viruses in a particular volume to determine the virus concentration. The plaque assay can be used to refine a clonal population of virus. The revolution that took place in the field of molecular biology allowed the genetic information encoded in nucleic acids of viruses which enables viruses to reproduce.

Track 11: Oncolytic viruses

An Oncolytic virus is a virus that specially infects and kills cancer cells. Viral oncology is concerned with treatment of human cancers / tumors with virus particles. Certainly, the infectious nature of specific tumors has important implications in their prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In the 21st Century, the research on viral oncology field continues to be dynamic, with new significant and original studies on viral Oncogenesis and as a translational research from virology for the treatment of cancer.

Track 12: Hepatitis C viruses

The hepatitis C virus particle consists of a core of genetic material (RNA) enclosed by an icosahedral protective shell of protein, and further covered in a lipid envelope of cellular origin. The p7 protein is nonessential for viral genome replication but plays a critical role in virus morphogenesis. This protein is a 63 amino acid membrane spanning protein which locates itself in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Track 13: Plant and Agricultural Virology

Plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. These are pathogenic to higher plants. The first virus to be discovered was Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Viruses cause an estimated US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide every year. Aquatic bacteriophages are viruses that live as obligate parasitic agents in marine bacteria such as cyanobacteria. Aquatic micro-organisms are able to prepare their own food through Photosynthesis.

Track 14: Neurotropic viruses

Neurotropic viruses are said to be Neuroinvasive if it is capable of entering the nervous system and Neurovirulent if it is capable of causing disease within the nervous system. Neurotropic viruses have been reported to lead to various neurodegenerative diseases. Both terms are usually applied to central nervous system infections, but some neurotropic viruses are highly Neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system. Infection by Neurotropic viruses irreversibly disrupt the function of the CNS.

Track 15: Anti-virulence

Anti-virulence is the concept of blocking virulence factors, which are produced by viruses and enable them to achieve inhibition of the host’s immune response. These factors are used to promote colonization of the host. A major group of virulence factors are proteins that can control the activation levels of GTPases. Nowadays various virostatics targeting various viral replication steps are approved to treat critical infectious viral diseases. Gram-negative bacteria secrete a variety of virulence factors at host-pathogen interface.

Track 16: Virology Research

Viruses are obligatory and intracellular parasites, smallest known infectious agents they infect animals, plants, insects and also bacteria. Virology Research which covers all aspects of theoretical and practical research of viruses. Many of viruses are characterized according to their size and their resistance to chemical or physicals agents and pathogenic affects. Current research in virology includes the study of mechanism of HIV replication and Diseases.

 Track 17: Cell-mediated immunity

 Immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-   specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen is known as   Cell-  mediated Immunity. CD4 cells provide protection against different pathogens. Cytotoxic T cells, which kill   infected target cells by apoptosis without using cytokines and mostly express T-cell receptors (TCRs) that can  recognize a specific antigen.

Track 18: Viral Life cycle

Viruses are only able to replicate themselves by confiscating the reproductive apparatus of cells and making them reproduce the virus's genetic structure instead. There are different life cycle process like viral entry, viral replication, viral shedding, and viral latency. The final stage in the viral life cycle is shedding, in which virus progeny are released to find new hosts. Some viruses can hide within a cell, either to avoid the host cell defenses or immune system.   

 Track 19: Viral Pathogenesis

It is the study of how biological viruses cause diseases in hosts. Mostly diseases caused by the replication of virus. Viral pathogenesis is the series of actions by which viral infections leads to deadly viral diseases as a result of implantation, replication, spread to disease prone sites and shedding of virus into the environment. Effective facilitated factors leads affect pathogenic events includes accessibility of virus with tissue, cell susceptibility for virus multiplication and susceptibility of virus to respective host defenses. In addition natural selection also favors the dominance of low-virulence for most of the virus strains. 

Track 20: Virotherapy

Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology in which viruses convert into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are different branches in Virotherapy like Oncolytic Virotherapy, viral gene therapy, viral immunotherapy. Viral immunotherapy uses viruses to introduce specific antigens to the patient's immune system. These antigens could be from any species of viruses. In Oncolytic Virotherapy Oncolytic viruses mainly target and lyse the cancerous cells.

Track 21: Microbial pathogenesis

Microbial Pathogenesis focuses on the origin and development of human diseases with an emphasis on microbial agents and molecular mechanisms of host response and immune function. Molecular pathogenesis include viral replication and transformation, intracellular signalling and oncogene expression. Molecular cloning has allowed the isolation of single or group of genes related to phenotypes which appear to be immunologically important for pathogenesis.

Track 22: Recent Advances in Drug Discovery

Drug-drug interactions occur when a drug interacts with another drug and modify the way one or both of the drugs act in the body, or cause side effects. Hepatitis E has become a significant public health concern, as well as sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in developed countries. It is nothing but infection of the liver which is caused by different viruses such as hepatitis A to hepatitis E. Hepatitis E virus is still considered an emerging pathogen in developing countries.